Ikhithi Yokuhlola I-Carbohydrate Metabolism

IGlucose yindlela yokuthutha ushukela egazini futhi idlala indima ebalulekile kumetabolism yeglucose.Ushukela ekudleni ungumthombo oyinhloko kashukela emzimbeni, othathwa emzimbeni womuntu kuma-monosaccharides futhi uthuthelwe ezicutshini nasemangqamuzaneni ukuze uthole i-anabolism kanye ne-catabolism.Izinkomba ze-biochemical ezihlobene ne-glucose metabolism zihlanganisa i-glucose, i-hemoglobin ye-glycated, i-albhamuin ye-glycated, i-fructosamine ne-lactic acid.Amazinga kashukela egazini alawulwa isimiso sezinzwa namahomoni futhi ahlale ezinzile.Lapho le mithetho ilahlekelwa ibhalansi yayo yokuqala, i-hyperglycemia noma i-hypoglycemia ivela.

Ngokubona i-glucose yegazi, ingafinyelela ukuxilongwa okuyisizayo, ukuqapha isifo sikashukela, njll. Kubantu abanesifo sikashukela, ukuqapha kweglucose yegazi kusetshenziselwa ukuqonda izinga lokulawula kanye nokuguquguquka kweglucose yegazi.Ingenye yezindlela ezibalulekile zokuqapha isimo seziguli ezinesifo sikashukela futhi iyingxenye ebalulekile yokulawula isifo sikashukela.

I-HbA1c iyindinganiso yegolide esetshenziselwa ukuhlola ukusebenza kwezinhlelo zokwelapha kusifo sikashukela.Ngenxa yokuthi i-HbA1c iyinkomba ezinzile ekhombisa izinguquko zesikhathi eside zikashukela, isiphenduke indawo eshisayo ekuxilongweni kwesifo sikashukela.

I-albumin ye-glycosylated ingabonisa izinga eliphelele le-glycosylated serum protein.I-albumin ene-glycated isilinganiso samazinga kashukela egazi amaphakathi emasontweni angama-2-3 edlule.Lokho kufushane kunezinga legolide likashukela osegazini, i-HbA1c.

I-Fructosamine iyisakhiwo se-molecular ketosamine esiphezulu esifana ne-fructosamine esakhiwe ngenqubo yamaprotheni e-plasma kanye ne-glucose non-enzymatic saccharification.Ukugxila kwayo kuhlotshaniswa kahle nezinga le-glucose yegazi, futhi izinzile, kodwa ukuzimisela kwayo akuthintwa yi-blood glucose.Njengoba uhhafu wempilo yamaprotheni e-plasma iyizinsuku eziyi-17 ~ 20, i-fructosamine ingakhombisa izinga likashukela wegazi elijwayelekile leziguli ezinesifo sikashukela phakathi kwamaviki ama-2 ~ 3 ngaphambi kokutholwa, okuthi ngokwezinga elithile kubangele ukuntula ukuthi i-hba1c ayikwazi ukukhombisa ukuguqulwa kwegazi. ukugcwala kweglucose ngesikhathi esifushane.Ukunqunywa kwe-fructosamine kuyashesha futhi akubizi, futhi kuyinkomba enhle yokuhlola ukulawulwa kwesifo sikashukela, ikakhulukazi ku-brittle diabetes mellitus kanye nesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa.

I-Lactic acid ingumkhiqizo ophakathi nendawo okhiqizwa ngesikhathi se-glucose metabolism emzimbeni.Ngenxa yokuzivocavoca ngokweqile, okudlula ukushuba kokuzivocavoca kwe-aerobic, i-lactic acid ekhiqizwa emzimbeni ayikwazi ukuphinda ibole ibe amanzi ne-carbon dioxide ngesikhathi esifushane, ukutholakala komoyampilo akwanele futhi kwakheka i-anaerobic metabolism, okuholela ekutheni inani elikhulu lomkhiqizo oweqile we-lactic acid ukunqwabelana emzimbeni.Ngakho-ke, ukunqunywa kwe-lactic acid kungasetshenziswa njengenkomba ebucayi futhi enokwethenjelwa ukukhombisa i-tissue hypoxia.