Ikhithi Yokusebenza Kwezinso I-Chemiluminecense Immunoassay Kit

Izinso zingenye yezitho ezibaluleke kakhulu zomzimba womuntu, umsebenzi wayo ngokuyinhloko ufihliwe futhi ukhishwe umchamo, imfucuza, ubuthi nezidakamizwa;Lawula futhi ugcine umthamo nokwakheka koketshezi lomzimba (amanzi nomfutho we-osmotic, ama-electrolyte, i-pH);Gcina ibhalansi yendawo yangaphakathi yomzimba (umfutho wegazi, i-endocrine).Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwezinso kwakuhlanganisa i-urea, i-creatinine, i-uric acid, i-β 2-microglobulin, i-cystatin C, i-urinary microalbumin, iphrotheni ephelele, iphrotheni ye-neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipid carrier, α 1-microglobulin, iphrotheni ebopha i-retinol, i-n-acetyl-glucosidase, njll.

I-Urea ingumkhiqizo wokugcina wamaprotheni kanye ne-amino acid metabolism futhi ikhishwa ikakhulukazi izinso.Okuqukethwe kwe-urea kuvame ukutholwa ngokulinganisa inani le-urea nitrogen, elibalulekile ekuxilongweni, ekwelapheni nasekuqaguleni kokungasebenzi kahle kwezinso.

I-Creatinine iyi-metabolite yomuntu enesisindo esiphansi evame ukudlula ekuhlungeni kwe-glomerular ngaphandle kokumuncwa kabusha amashubhu ezinso.Ngakho-ke, ukugxiliswa kwe-creatinine egazini nomchamo kuyinkomba esebenzayo yokuhlunga kwe-glomerular, engasetshenziswa ekuxilongweni kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zesifo sezinso esingamahlalakhona kanye nokuqapha ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa, kanye nokuqapha i-renal dialysis.

I-Uric acid ingumkhiqizo wokugcina we-purine metabolism.Ukuhlolwa kwe-uric acid kusetshenziselwa izifo ezihlukahlukene ze-nephrotic kanye ne-metabolic, okuhlanganisa ukuhluleka kwezinso, i-gout, i-leukemia, i-psoriasis, indlala, noma ezinye izimo zokumosha, kanye nokuqapha ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa kweziguli ezithola izidakamizwa ze-cytotoxic.I-Uric acid ibhekwa njengophawu lokuxilonga i-gout ebangelwa ukuphazamiseka kwe-purine metabolism.

Ukwanda kwe-β 2-microglobulin ku-serum kungase kubonise ukuthi umsebenzi wokuhlunga kwe-glomerular ukhubazekile noma umthwalo wokuhlunga uyanda, kuyilapho ukwanda kwe-β 2-microglobulin emchameni kungase kubonise umonakalo we-tubular noma umthwalo wokuhlunga ukhuphukile.Ku-pyelonephritis eyingozi futhi engapheli, umchamo we-β 2-microglobulin uyakhuphuka ngenxa yokulimala kwezinso, kanti ku-cystitis, i-β 2-microglobulin ijwayelekile.

I-Cystatin C ikhona kakhulu kumaseli ane-nucleated kanye noketshezi lomzimba lwezicubu ezihlukahlukene.Isisindo samangqamuzana aphansi, iphrotheni ye-alkaline unglycosylated enesisindo se-molecular 13.3KD, esakhiwe ngezinsalela ze-amino acid ezingu-122, futhi ingakhiqizwa yiwo wonke amangqamuzana angama-nucleated emzimbeni ngesilinganiso esingaguquki.Iwuhlobo lwezimpawu ze-endogenous ukukhombisa izinguquko zangempela ku-glomerular filtration rate, kanye ne-proximal convoluted tubule reuptake, kodwa ezazingemuva ngokuphelele kokubola kwe-metabolism yokumuncwa, azilibuyiseli igazi, ngakho-ke, ukugcwala kwegazi kwalo kunqunywa izinga lokuhlunga kwe-glomerular. , futhi akuncikile kunoma yiziphi izici zangaphandle, ezinjengobulili, ubudala, ukudla, kuwuhlobo lwezimpawu ezifanelekile ze-endogenous ukubonisa izinguquko zangempela kusilinganiso sokuhlunga kwe-glomerular.

Ukunqunywa kwe-microalbumin emchameni kukhombisa i-nephropathy yakuqala kanye nokulimala kwezinso, ukwanda kwe-pathological ku-nephropathy yesifo sikashukela, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, ukukhulelwa kwe-preeclampsia.Esigabeni sokuqala se-microalbumin ye-urinary iyisiginali yokuqala kanye nebika lokuvela kwe-nephropathy.Ngalesi sikhathi, ukulimala kwezinso kusesesikhathini esingahlehliswa.Uma ukwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi kungasetshenziswa, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-nephropathy kungamiswa noma kubuyiselwe emuva.

Ekuxilongweni kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kokulimala kwe-acute renal (AKI), ukugxila kwe-NGL egazini nomchamo kuvame ukukhuphuka ngokushesha, kanti i-2h iyona esobala kakhulu (izikhathi ezingamashumi kuya kwamakhulu kunenani elibalulekile).Izinkomba zendabuko ezifana ne-serum creatinine ne-urease ngokuvamile zikhuphuka kakhulu ngemva kwamahora angu-24-72.Ngakho-ke, i-NGAL ingasetshenziselwa ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kwe-AKI.I-NGAL ingaphinda ibonise ubulukhuni bokulimala komsebenzi wezinso.Ingasetshenziswa njengesinye sezinkomba ze-AKI.

I-α1-Microglobulin ikhona kakhulu ebusweni bolwelwesi lweseli loketshezi oluhlukahlukene lomzimba nama-lymphocyte.I-α1-Microglobulin ikhona egazini ngezindlela ezimbili, okungukuthi, i-α1-Microglobulin yamahhala ne-IgA eboshwe α1-Microglobulin (α 1mg-1Ga).Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, i-α 1mg-1Ga ilandisa mayelana ne-40-70% yenani le-α1-Microglobulin esegazini, futhi ingxenye ephakathi kwe-α1-Microglobulin ne-α 1mg-1Ga ithintwa izinga le-immunoglobulin egazini.I-α1-Microglobulin yamahhala esegazini ingadlula kulwelwesi lwe-glomerular filtration ngokukhululekile, futhi u-95% -99% ugaywa kabusha futhi ugaywe nge-metabolism kuma-proximal convoluted tubules ezinso, futhi kukhishwe inani elincane kuphela emchameni wokugcina.

Iprotheni ebopha i-retinol iyi-vitamin transporter egazini, ehlanganiswa yisibindi futhi isatshalaliswe kabanzi egazini, ku-cerebrospinal fluid, umchamo kanye nolunye uketshezi lomzimba.Ukunqunywa kweprotheyini ebopha i-retinol kungabona ukulimala kokusebenza kwamashubhu ezinso kusenesikhathi futhi kubonise izinga lomonakalo wamashubhu asondelene asondelene, angasetshenziswa njengenkomba yokulimala kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kokusebenza kwezinso kanye nokwelashwa kokuqapha, kanye nokulimala nokusebenza kwesibindi kanye ukuqapha ukwelashwa.

I-N-acetylglucosidase iyi-enzyme ye-intracellular lysosomal, etholakala ezinso, isibindi, ubende nasebuchosheni, enokuqukethwe okuphezulu kakhulu kuma-proximal convoluted tubules ezinso.Isisindo samangqamuzana esihlobene se-NAG sikhulu futhi asikwazi ukuhlungwa yi-glomerulus.Lapho izinso zilimele, idedelwa kuma-renal tubules kusuka kumaseli, futhi umchamo we-NAG ukhuphuka kakhulu.Umsebenzi we-Urinary NAG ungenye yezinkomba ezibucayi neziqondile zezilonda ze-renal tubule, ezingasetshenziswa njengenkomba yokuxilonga kusenesikhathi sokulimala kweshubhu lezinso.