Ikhithi Yokuhlola Amaprotheni Akhethekile, I-C-Luminary Biotechnology

Kunamaprotheni amaningi ku-serum, avela kumaseli wezicubu, amaprotheni asebenzayo aqukethwe ku-serum, enza imisebenzi ehlukahlukene, izifo eziningi zingabangela izinguquko kumaprotheni e-serum.Amaprotheni athile ajwayelekile afaka i-ASO, RF, CRP, IgG, IgM, IgA, C3, C4, njll.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-ASO kubaluleke kakhulu ekuxilongeni uhlobo A lwe-streptococcus infection, futhi ukuba khona kwayo nokuqukethwe kungabonisa ubucayi bokutheleleka.I-ASO yaqala ukwanda isonto eli-1 ngemuva kokutheleleka kohlobo A lwe-streptococcus, futhi yafinyelela umvuthwandaba emavikini angama-4-6 kamuva, okwathatha izinyanga ezimbalwa.Lapho ukutheleleka kuncipha, i-ASO yehla futhi yabuyela kwesejwayelekile phakathi nezinyanga eziyisi-6.Uma i-ASO titer ingazange yehle, iphakamisa ukuthi kungase kube nokutheleleka okuphindaphindiwe noma ukutheleleka okungapheli.Ukwanda kancane kancane kwe-antibody titer kubaluleke kakhulu ekuxilongweni.Ukwehla kancane kancane kwe-antibody titer kubonisa ukukhululeka kwesifo.I-ASO ye-rheumatic fever, i-acute glomerulonephritis, i-erythema nodosum, i-scarlet fever kanye ne-acute tonsillitis yanda kakhulu.

Ukutholwa kwe-RF kubaluleke kakhulu ekuxilongweni, ekuhlukaniseni ngezigaba kanye nomthelela wokwelapha we-rheumatoid arthritis.Izinga lokutholwa kwe-RF ezigulini ezine-rheumatoid arthritis liphezulu kakhulu.I-Positive RF isekela ukuxilonga okujwayelekile kwe-RA ekuqaleni, njengokuhlukaniswa phakathi kwe-RA kanye ne-rheumatic fever kwabesifazane abasebasha.Ukuxilongwa kwe-RA engasebenzi kufanele kubhekisele emlandweni.Ezigulini ezine-RA, i-titer ye-RF yayihlotshaniswa kahle nokubonakaliswa komtholampilo kweziguli, okungukuthi, i-titer yanda ngokubhebhetheka kwezimpawu.

I-C-reactive protein ibhekisela kwamanye amaprotheni (amaprotheni ashubile) akhuphuka kakhulu ku-plasma lapho umzimba unegciwane noma ukulimala kwezicubu.I-CRP ingenza kusebenze umphelelisi futhi iqinise i-phagocytosis ye-phagocytes futhi idlale indima ye-optonizing, ngaleyo ndlela isuse ama-microorganisms e-pathogenic kanye namaseli ezicubu zezicubu ezilimele, necrotic kanye ne-apoptotic emzimbeni futhi adlale indima ebalulekile yokuvikela ekuvikelekeni kwemvelo komzimba.I-CRP isifundwe iminyaka engaphezu kwengama-70.Ngokwesiko, Kuthathwa njengophawu olungaqondile lokuvuvukala.Kodwa-ke, kule minyaka eyishumi edlule, ucwaningo luye lwembula ukuthi i-CRP ihileleke ngokuqondile ekuvuvukeni kanye ne-atherosclerosis nezinye izifo zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, futhi iyisibikezelo esinamandla nesici esiyingozi sezifo zenhliziyo.

I-Immunoglobulin G(IgG) iyi-Immunoglobulin eyinhloko emzimbeni, ibalwa ku-70 ~ 75% wesamba se-Immunoglobulin.Ukunqunywa kwenani le-immunoglobulin ku-serum kubaluleke kakhulu ekuxilongweni, ekuqaphelweni nasekubikezelweni kwesifo sesibindi esingamahlalakhona, izifo ezithathelwanayo, i-lymphocytosis, i-myeloma eminingi, i-immunodeficiency eyinhloko neyesibili.

Cishe u-10% we-immunoglobulin ku-serum i-IgA, efana ne-IgG ngendlela ye-monomer nesakhiwo, kodwa i-10-15% ye-IgA ku-serum i-polymeric.Olunye uhlobo lwe-IgA, olubizwa ngokuthi i-secretory IgA, lutholakala ezinyembezini, ekujulukeni, ezinkomeni, ebisini, e-colostrum nase-gastrointestinal kanye ne-bronchial secretions.Ukunqunywa kwe-immunoglobulin A ku-serum kubaluleke kakhulu ekuxilongweni, ekuqaphelweni nasekubikezelweni kwesifo sesibindi esingamahlalakhona, izifo ezithathelwanayo, i-lymphocytosis, i-myeloma eminingi, i-immunodeficiency eyinhloko neyesibili.

I-Immunoglobulin M(IgM) iwuhlobo lokuqala lwe-immunoglobulin kanye nokuwukuphela kwe-immunoglobulin ehlanganiswe ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa.Ku-serum yabantu abadala, ibalelwa ku-5 ~ 10% wesamba se-immunoglobulin ejikelezayo.Iningi le-IgM ku-serum lingama-pentamers ama-monomers amahlanu.Isisindo se-molecular of monomer ngayinye singu-185KD, futhi i-monomer ngayinye iboshwe iketango elingu-J.I-IgM iyisikhuthazi esinamandla esihambisana ngokuqinile namagciwane namaseli abomvu egazi futhi idlala indima ebalulekile ekuvimbeleni ukutheleleka nge-G-bacterial.I-quantification ye-immunoglobulin ku-serum ibaluleke kakhulu ekuxilongweni, ukuqapha kanye nokubikezelwa kwesifo sesibindi esingamahlalakhona, izifo ezithathelwanayo, i-lymphocytosis, i-myeloma eminingi, i-immunodeficiency eyinhloko neyesibili.

Umphelelisi u-C3(Umphelelisi 3, C3) uyingxenye ebalulekile yohlelo Lokuphelelisa futhi ubamba iqhaza ekwenzeni kusebenze izindlela zasendulo nezokudlula.Ukuzimisela kwe-C3 kuyinkomba ebalulekile yokuxilongwa kwezifo zokuzivikela komzimba ezifana ne-lupus nephritis, ukusabela okweqile kanye nokuvuvukala.Njengoba i-C3 ikhiqizwa isibindi, ukuzimisela kwe-C3 kuyasiza futhi ekuqaphelweni kwezifo ezinzima zesibindi.Ukutholwa kwe-anti-CCP antibody kucace kakhulu ekuxilongweni kwesifo samathambo futhi kungasetshenziselwa ukuxilonga kusenesikhathi kwe-RA.

Ukwengeza, i-anti-CCP antibody ayisona nje inkomba yokuxilonga yangaphambi kwesikhathi ye-RA, kodwa futhi iyinkomba ebucayi yokuhlukanisa phakathi kwe-RA ehlaselayo nengahlaseli.Iziguli ezine-antibody-positive zinamathuba amaningi okuthi zithole ukonakala okukhulu kwamathambo ahlangene kuneziguli ezingenawo amasosha omzimba.Ukutholwa okuhlanganisiwe kwamasosha omzimba e-cRF ne-CCP kuzothuthukisa kakhulu ukuzwela kokuxilonga.

I-Sialic acid ivame ukuba khona njengama-oligosaccharides, ama-glycolipids, noma ama-glycoprotein.Ingqondo inenani eliphakeme kakhulu le-sialic acid emzimbeni womuntu.Inani le-asilic acid ku-grey matter liphakeme izikhathi ezingu-15 kunezitho zangaphakathi ezifana nesibindi namaphaphu.I-asilic acid iyingxenye ebalulekile ye-cell membrane glycoprotein, ehlobene nemisebenzi eminingi yezinto eziphilayo, futhi ihlobene eduze ne-cell malignancy, i-metastasis yomdlavuza, ukuhlasela, ukulahlekelwa ukuvimbela ukuthintana, ukuncipha kokunamathela kwamangqamuzana kanye ne-tumor antigenicity.s