I-Tumor Chemiluminecense Immunoassay Kit

I-Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) iwuphawu olucacile kakhulu futhi olubucayi lwesimila somdlavuza wesibindi oyinhloko.Uma kungaphezu kuka-500ug/L noma okuqukethwe kuqhubeka nokukhuphuka, kuba nenjongo.I-AFP ihlobene eduze nokwenzeka kanye nokuthuthukiswa komdlavuza wesibindi kanye nezimila ezihlukahlukene.Ingabonisa ukugxila okuphezulu kumathumba ahlukahlukene futhi ingasetshenziswa njengenkomba yokutholwa okuhle kwamathumba ahlukahlukene.Njengamanje, isetshenziswa kakhulu njenge-serum marker yomdlavuza wesibindi oyinhloko emtholampilo ukuze kuhlonzwe futhi kuqashwe umphumela wokwelapha womdlavuza wesibindi oyinhloko.

I-Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) iyi-acidic glycoprotein enezici ze-embryonic antigen yomuntu futhi ikhona kumaseli e-endoderm.Ingaphezulu lamangqamuzana omdlavuza ahlukanisiwe iyiphrotheni yesakhiwo ye-membrane yeseli.Yakheka ku-cytoplasm, ikhiqizwe ngaphandle kweseli ngolwelwesi lwamaseli, bese ingena oketshezini oluzungezile lomzimba.I-CEA ephakeme ivamile kumdlavuza we-colorectal, umdlavuza we-pancreatic, umdlavuza wesisu, umdlavuza webele, umdlavuza we-medullary thyroid, umdlavuza wesibindi, umdlavuza wamaphaphu, umdlavuza we-ovarian, kanye nezimila ze-urinary tract.Kodwa ukubhema, ukukhulelwa kanye nesifo senhliziyo, isifo sikashukela, i-diverticulitis yamathumbu, i-polyps ye-rectal, i-colitis, i-pancreatitis, i-cirrhosis yesibindi, i-hepatitis, isifo samaphaphu, njll.

Isisindo samangqamuzana esihlobene se-CA125 sisuka ku-200,000 siye ku-1,000,000.Kuyi-macromolecular glycoprotein enesakhiwo esiyindandatho futhi iqukethe ama-carbohydrate angama-24%.Iyinkimbinkimbi ye-glycoprotein efana ne-mucin futhi ingeye-IgG.Ukuhlushwa kwe-CA125 kubantu abadala abanempilo ingaphansi kuka-35U/mL.I-Serum CA125 ku-90% weziguli ihlobene nokuqhubeka kwesifo, ngakho-ke isetshenziselwa kakhulu ukutholwa kwezifo kanye nokuhlola ukusebenza kahle.Izinga le-CA125 ku-95% labesifazane abadala abanempilo lingaphansi noma lilingana no-40U/ml, futhi kufanele kuqashelwe uma lenyuka libe ngaphezu kwezikhathi ezi-2 inani elivamile.Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-CA125 ingatholakala ekuhlolweni kwe-serum yeziguli ezine-tuberculous peritonitis, futhi izinga le-CA125 lenyuka izikhathi eziningi.Amathuba okuba ne-tuberculous peritonitis kanye nesifo sokuvuvukala kwe-pelvic kufanele kukhishwe ngokucacile ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa komdlavuza wesibeletho.

I-CA15-3 iwuphawu oluthile olubaluleke kakhulu lomdlavuza webele.Izinga le-CA15-3 ku-30% -50% yeziguli ezinomdlavuza webele likhuphuka kakhulu, futhi ukuguqulwa kokuqukethwe kwalo kuhlobene eduze nomphumela wokwelapha.Kuyinkomba engcono kakhulu yeziguli ezinomdlavuza webele ukuthi zihlonze futhi ziqaphe ukuphindaphinda kwangemva kokuhlinzwa futhi zibone umphumela wokwelapha.Ukuzimisela okuguquguqukayo kwe-CA15-3 kuyasiza ekutholweni kokuqala kokuphindaphinda ezigulini ezinesigaba II no-III somdlavuza webele ngemuva kokwelashwa;lapho i-CA15-3 inkulu kune-100U/ml, isifo se-metastatic singacatshangelwa.

I-Carbohydrate antigen 199 (CA199) i-oligosaccharide tumor-associated antigen, i-tumor marker entsha, i-glycolipid kulwelwesi lweseli, enesisindo samangqamuzana esingaphezu kuka-1000kD.Iwuphawu oluzwela kakhulu lomdlavuza we-pancreatic obikiwe kuze kube manje.Ikhona ngesimo se-salivary mucin ku-serum.I-CA19-9 inokuzwela okuphezulu nokucaciswa okuhle komdlavuza we-pancreatic, futhi izinga layo elihle liphakathi kwama-85% nama-95%, futhi liyehla ngokuthuthuka kwesimo ngemuva kokuhlinzwa.I-Serum CA19-9 ingasetshenziswa njengenkomba yokuxilonga ewusizo yezimila eziyingozi njengomdlavuza we-pancreatic kanye nomdlavuza we-gallbladder.

I-Prostate specific antigen (PSA) iyi-polypeptide ye-single-chain equkethe ama-amino acid angama-237.Ingowomndeni we-serine protease enesenzo esifana nezicubu ezithile ze-chymotrypsin.I-PSA iqondene nezicubu futhi ikhona kuphela ku-cytoplasm ye-prostate acinar yomuntu namaseli e-duct epithelial, futhi ayivezwa kwamanye amaseli.I-PSA iwuphawu oluthile lomdlavuza wendlala yesinye, obaluleke kakhulu ekuhlonzweni komdlavuza wendlala yesinye ongabonakali.

I-PSA yamahhala ibhekisela engxenyeni ye-PSA emahhala ku-plasma futhi engaboshiwe.Ngokomtholampilo, lo mehluko usetshenziselwa ukuhlola umdlavuza wendlala yesinye ezigulini ezine-benign prostatic hyperplasia.Njengamanje, isilinganiso se-fPSA/tPSA sisetshenziswa kakhulu ukusiza ekuhlonzeni umdlavuza wendlala yesinye kanye ne-benign hyperplasia.

I-Glycolytic enolase (2-phospho-D-glycerate hydrolase), isisindo samangqamuzana cishe ama-80 kD.Amazinga e-NSE aphansi kubantu abavamile noma ezigulini ezinesifo esiyingozi, kuyilapho amazinga e-neuron-specific enolase (NSE) aphakanyisiwe ezigulini ezinezifo ezihlukene ze-neuroendocrine futhi kubhekwa njengophawu lwesimila oluyinhloko lokuqapha i-cell bronchial carcinoma (SCLC) kanye I-neuroblastoma (NB).

I-Cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA21-1) iyilungu elincane kakhulu lomndeni we-keratin futhi lisatshalaliswa kabanzi ezindaweni ezivamile zezicubu ezifana ne-lamellar noma i-squamous epithelium.Ezimweni ze-pathological, ingxenye yayo encibilikayo i-CYFRA21-1 ikhishelwa egazini futhi ingabopha ngokuqondile amasosha omzimba amabili e-monoclonal KS19.1 kanye ne-BM19.21, okuwuphawu lwesimila olukhethwayo ukuze kutholwe umdlavuza wamaphaphu ongewona omncane.Inkomba enkulu ye-cytokeratin 19 fragment CYFRA21-1 ukuqapha inkambo yomdlavuza wamaphaphu ongewona omncane (NSCLC).

I-Human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) iyingxenye ye-whey acid tetra-disulfide core (WFDC) yomndeni wamaprotheni.I-HE4 isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukusiza ekuxilongeni kusenesikhathi, ekuxilongeni okuhlukile, ukuqapha ukwelashwa kanye nokuhlolwa kokubikezela komdlavuza we-ovarian womtholampilo.Ukutholwa okuhlanganisiwe ne-antigen yomdlavuza we-serum CA125 kungathuthukisa ukuzwela kanye nokucaciswa kokuxilongwa kwesimila.Futhi kubonise inani elihle lokuxilongwa okuyisizayo nokuqapha inkambo yesifo kumdlavuza we-endometrial kanye nezimila zesistimu yokuphefumula.

I-Pepsinogen ihlukaniswe nge-immunologically ibe i-pepsinogen I (PG-I) ne-pepsinogen II (PG-II).Izinga le-serum pepsinogen libonisa ukwakheka nokusebenza kwe-mucosa yesisu ezingxenyeni ezihlukene: I-PG-I iyisikhombi sokubona ukusebenza kwamangqamuzana e-oxyntic gland, ukwanda kwe-gastric acid secretion kwandisa i-PG-I, ukwehla kokuphuma noma i-gastric mucosal gland atrophy PG -Ngehla ;I-PG-II yayinokuxhumana okukhulu nezilonda ze-gastric fundus mucosal (okuhlobene ne-gastric antrum mucosa), futhi ukwanda kwayo kwakuhlobene ne-gastric fundus duct atrophy, i-gastric epithelial metaplasia noma i-pseudopyloric gland metaplasia, ne-atypia;Ukwehla okuqhubekayo kwesilinganiso se-PG-I/II kwahlotshaniswa nokuqhubeka kwe-atrophy ye-gastric mucosal atrophy.Ngakho-ke, ukuzimisela okuhlanganisiwe kwesilinganiso se-PG-I ne-PG-II kungadlala indima "ye-serological biopsy" ye-funic gland mucosa futhi inikeze inani elithembekile lokuxilonga lomkhuba womtholampilo.

I-squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA) iyinxenye ye-TA-4 i-squamous carcinoma antigen ekhishwe kuma-metastase omdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho.I-glycoprotein enesisindo samangqamuzana angama-48kDa futhi iqukethe okungenani izingxenye eziyi-14.Iphoyinti layo le-isoelectric lisuka ku-5.44 liye ku-6.62.Iphoyinti le-isoelectric ngu-6.62.I-SCCA iwuphawu lokuqala lwesimila olusetshenziswa ukuxilonga i-squamous cell carcinoma.Ingasetshenziswa njengenkomba eyisizayo yokuxilonga kanye nenkomba yokuqapha okubikezelwe komdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho, umdlavuza wamaphaphu, nomdlavuza wekhanda nentamo.

I-β2-Microglobulin iyi-globulin yamangqamuzana amancane akhiqizwa ama-lymphocyte, ama-platelet kanye ne-polymorphonuclear leukocyte, enesisindo samangqamuzana angu-11800 kanye ne-polypeptide ye-single-chain ehlanganisa ama-amino acid angu-99.Lapho ukusebenza kwezinso kungasebenzi, izinga le-β2-microglobulin liyakhuphuka ngokungavamile.Njengomaka ojwayelekile wesimila, i-β2-microglobulin isetshenziswa kabanzi ukuqapha okunamandla kwamathumba ahlukahlukene ukusiza ekwahluleleni inqubo yesifo noma umphumela wokwelapha.

Lapho isiguli sihlushwa umdlavuza wesibindi noma sihambisana ne-cirrhosis yesibindi, ukusabalalisa kwe-oksijini emathisini esibindi kuphazamiseka, futhi i-hypoxia ibangela ukuba umsebenzi wesibindi unciphise, okubangela ukuphazamiseka kokuthatha noma ukusetshenziswa kwe-vitamin K, okuholela ku-PIVKA. II.I-PIVKA II inomphumela omuhle wokuxilongwa nokwelashwa ekuhlukaniseni i-hepatocellular carcinoma kwezinye izifo zesibindi.I-PIVKA II iyisibikezelo esizimele kanye ne-biomarker yokuxilonga ngokuba khona komdlavuza wesibindi, futhi isetshenziselwa ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kokwelashwa kwesimila, ukuhlolwa kwezifo, izinketho zokwelashwa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa, kanye nokubikezela ukusinda kwesiguli.

I-Ferritin iyiphrotheni enkulu eyimbulunga enesisindo samangqamuzana esilinganiselwa ku-440 kDa esakhiwe amayunithi angama-24 angaxhumene ngokuhlanganyela.Iqukethe ijazi lephrotheni lama-subunits angu-24 (apo-ferritin) kanye ne-iron core (i-ferritin esibindini kanye nobende) equkethe isilinganiso esingaba ngu-2500 Fe3+ ions.Kube nokuhlobana okubalulekile okuhle phakathi kweminyaka yobudala kanye namazinga e-serum ferritin kwabesifazane, kodwa hhayi kwabesilisa.I-ferritin engu-400 ng/mL esetshenziswa njengomngcele womthwalo ophezulu wensimbi emzimbeni iboniswa lapho izinga le-ferritin liphakanyisiwe futhi kungenzeka ukuthi ukusabalalisa kungase kukhishwe.Ukuhlolwa kwe-Ferritin kufakazele ukuthi kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni i-metastases yesibindi.

I-peptide ekhulula i-Gastrin (GRP), i-hormone yesisu.I-pre-protein yayo inama-amino acid ayi-148, futhi ngemva kokuqhekeka kwe-peptide yesiginali, iphinde isetshenzwe ukuze ikhiqize ama-amino acid angama-27 GRP kanye nama-amino acid angama-68 we-proGRP.Ngenxa yempilo emfushane yesigamu se-peptide ekhipha i-gastrin, imizuzu emi-2 kuphela, akunakwenzeka ukuyibona egazini.Ngakho-ke i-assay yathuthukiswa ukuze kutholwe i-PRG, isifunda se-carboxy-terminal evame ukutholakala ezinhlotsheni ezintathu zokuhlukahluka kwe-PRP yomuntu.I-serum progastrin-releasing peptide ikhonjiswe ukuthi iwumaka onokwethenjelwa ezigulini ezinomdlavuza omncane wamaphaphu (SCLC).I-proGRP kanye ne-neuron-specific enolase (NSE) ama-molecule amabili ahlotshaniswa nezicubu kanye nezimila zemvelaphi ye-neuroendocrine.

Ikakhulukazi esetshenziselwa ukuqapha umphumela wokwelapha umdlavuza wesisu kanye nomdlavuza we-ovarian, ukutholwa kwe-serum CA 72-4 kungasetshenziswa ukuhlonza i-pancreatitis, i-cirrhosis yesibindi, isifo samaphaphu, i-rheumatism, izifo zabesifazane, izifo ze-benign ovarian, ama-ovarian cysts, izifo zebele kanye nokuphazamiseka kwesisu. nezinye izifo eziyingozi.Uma kuqhathaniswa nabanye omaka, i-CA 72-4 inokuxilongwa okuphezulu kwezifo ezinobungozi.

I-CA50 iyi-asilic acid ester ne-sialic acid glycoprotein, ngokuvamile engekho ezicutshini ezivamile.Uma amaseli eba yingozi, i-glycosylase iyasebenza, okuholela ekushintsheni kwesakhiwo se-cell surface glycosyl futhi iba umaka we-CA50. I-carbohydrate antigen CA50 antigen iwuphawu lwesimila esingacacile esibanzi esine-cross-antigenicity ne-CA199.

I-CA242 iyi-antigen ye-carbohydrate e-sialylated ehlala iboniswa kanye ne-CA50, kodwa kokubili kubonakala ngamasosha omzimba ahlukene we-monoclonal.Sekusetshenziselwe emtholampilo ukuxilonga izimila ezimbi zomgudu wokugaya ukudla, ikakhulukazi umdlavuza we-pancreatic kanye nomdlavuza we-colorectal.Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-CA19-9 ne-CA50, isizukulwane esisha se-CA242 sinokuzwela kanye nokucaciswa komdlavuza we-pancreatic, umdlavuza we-gallbladder kanye nomdlavuza wokugaya ukudla.

I-Gastrin iyi-hormone yamathumbu ekhiqizwa amaseli e-G ku-antrum yesisu kanye ne-proximal duodenum mucosa.Ku-gastrinoma, ukwakheka kanye nokukhishwa kwe-gastrin kwanda kakhulu, okuhambisana nokwanda kokukhiqizwa kwe-basal gastric acid.Ngokwezici ze-gastrin ephezulu kanye ne-asidi ephezulu ye-gastric, ingasiza ekuxilongeni nasekuxilongeni okuhlukile kwesifo, futhi iqaphe umphumela wokwelapha.

I-Prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) iyi-glycoprotein ehlanganiswa futhi ikhiqizwe amangqamuzana e-prostate epithelial avuthiwe, ingena embotsheni yesidoda ngombhobho we-prostate, bese ikhishwa embhobongweni.Izinga le-PAP le-serum ezigulini ezinomdlavuza wendlala yesinye landa kakhulu, futhi izinga le-PAP landa ngokuqhubeka komdlavuza wendlala yesinye.Kuphakanyiswa ukuthi ukutholwa kwe-serum PAP kunokubaluleka okuthile komtholampilo ekuqalisweni kanye nokubikezelwa komdlavuza wendlala yesinye.

I-Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2), eyaziwa nangokuthi i-c-erB2, iqukethe ama-adenines angu-922, ama-cytosine angu-1,382, ama-guanini angu-1,346, nama-thymine angu-880.ingenye yezakhi zofuzo zomdlavuza webele ezifundwe kahle kakhulu kuze kube manje.Ufuzo lwe-HER2 luyinkomba yokubikezela yokuqapha ukwelashwa komtholampilo kanye nethagethi ebalulekile yokukhethwa kwezidakamizwa ekwelashweni okuqondiswe kwesimila.I-Serum HER2 ihlotshaniswa nomthwalo wesimila, i-histological HER2, kanye nesimo se-lymph node ezigulini ezinomdlavuza webele, futhi ingase ibe isici esizimele sokubikezela, esingase sibe nomthelela othile ekusebenzeni ngempumelelo kwe-chemotherapy noma i-endocrine therapy.I-HER2,

Isisindo samangqamuzana ezicubu ze-polypeptide antigen (TPA) yi-17,000-43,000, futhi sakhiwe amayunithi amathathu, i-B1, B2 kanye no-C, futhi umsebenzi wawo ikakhulukazi ku-B1.I-TPA inokubaluleka komtholampilo okulandelayo: ukwanda kwe-TPA yangaphambi kokuhlinzwa ezigulini zesimila kubaluleke kakhulu, okuvame ukukhombisa ukubikezela okubi;ngemva kokwelashwa, izinga le-TPA liyanda futhi, libonisa ukuphindaphinda kwesimila;ukutholwa kanyekanye nge-CEA kungaba ngcono kakhulu Ukulunga kokuxilongwa komdlavuza webele kuncike ekuxilongweni okuhlukene phakathi kwezilonda zamabele eziyingozi nezingezona ezimbi.